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翻译
司马光字君实,陕州夏县人。司马光7岁时,已经像成年一样(古代成年指弱冠,16岁,并非如今的18岁)特别喜欢听人讲《左氏春秋》,了解其大意后回来讲给家人听。
从此对《左氏春秋》爱不释手,甚至忘记饥渴和冷热。一群小孩子在庭院里面玩,一个小孩站在大缸(瓮指大缸)上面,失足跌落缸中被水淹没,其他的小孩子都跑掉了,司马光拿石头砸开了缸,水从而流出,小孩子得以活命。
原文
司马光字君实,陕州夏县人也。光生七岁,凛然如成人,闻讲《左氏春秋》,爱之,退为家人讲,即了其大指。自是手不释书,至不知饥渴寒暑。群儿戏于庭,一儿登瓮,足跌没水中,众皆弃去,光持石击瓮破之,水迸,儿得活。
出处
元末·阿鲁图《宋史》
扩展资料
一、背景
司马光出生于宋真宗天禧三年(公元1019年11月17日),当时,他的父亲司马池正担任光州光山县令,于是便给他取名 “光”。司马光家世代官宦,其父司马池后来官至兵部郎中、天章阁待制,一直以清廉仁厚享有盛誉。
司马光字君实,陕川夏县人。父亲名字叫司马池,任天章阁待制(宋代官名)司马光深受其父影响,自幼便聪敏好学。
据史书记载,司马光非常喜欢读《左传》,常常"手不释书,至不知饥渴寒暑"。七岁时,他便能够熟练地背诵《左传》,并且能把二百多年的历史梗概讲述得清清楚楚,可见他自幼便对历史怀有十分浓厚的兴趣。
二、作者简介
司马光(1019年11月17日-1086年10月11日),字君实,号迂叟。汉族。陕州夏县(今山西夏县)涑水乡人 ,世称涑水先生。北宋政治家、史学家、文学家。西晋安平献王司马孚之后。
宋仁宗宝元元年(1038年),司马光登进士第,累进龙图阁直学士。宋神宗时,因反对王安石变法,离开朝廷十五年,主持编纂了中国历史上第一部编年体通史《资治通鉴》。历仕仁宗、英宗、神宗、哲宗四朝,官至尚书左仆射兼门下侍郎。
卒赠太师、温国公,谥文正,为人温良谦恭、刚正不阿;做事用功刻苦、勤奋。以“日力不足,继之以夜”自诩,其人格堪称儒学教化下的典范,历来受人景仰。
司马光著述颇多。除了《资治通鉴》,还有《通鉴举要历》八十卷、《稽古录》二十卷、《本朝百官公卿表》六卷。
此外,他在文学、经学、哲学乃至医学方面都进行过钻研和著述,主要代表作有《翰林诗草》、《注古文学经》、《易说》、《注太玄经》、《注扬子》、《书仪》、《游山行记》、《续诗治》、《医问》、《涑水纪闻》、《类篇》、《司马文正公集》等。
司马光的主要成就反映在学术上。其中最大的贡献,莫过于主持编写《资治通鉴》。宋神宗熙宁年间,司马光强烈反对王安石变法,上疏请求外任。熙宁四年(1071年),他判西京御史台,自此居洛阳十五年,不问政事。
这段悠游的岁月,司马光主持编撰了294卷近400万字的编年体史书《资治通鉴》。司马光的独乐园,既是他的寓所,也是《资治通鉴》书局所在地。这里环境幽美,格调简素,反映了园主的情趣和追求。其书局在汴京时已奉诏成立,除了司马光之外,当时的著名学者刘恕、刘攽和范祖禹都参与了书局的工作。
其中,司马光任主编,刘恕、刘攽、范祖禹为协修,司马光的儿子司马康担任检阅文字的工作。司马光来洛阳后,便把《资治通鉴》书局由汴梁迁到洛阳。在独乐园中常住的不仅有书局的工作人员,当时洛阳的名贤如二程、邵雍、文彦博等也常来此聚会,堪称是一个学术中心。
百度百科—司马光砸缸
百度百科—司马光
用英语讲中国故事手抄报
Retreating about Thirty Miles as Condition For Peace
During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 B.C.), Duke Xian of the State of Jin Killed the crown prince Sheng because he had heard slanders about Sheng and believed them. He also sent his men to arrest Chong Er, Shen Sheng and believed them. He also sent his men to arrest Chonh Er, Shen Sheng's brother. Hearing the news, Chong Er escaped from the state of Jin, remaining a fugitive for more than ten years.
After innumerable hardships, Chong Er arrived at the State of Chu at last. King Cheng of the State of Chu treated him with high respect as he would have treated the ruler of a state, believing that he would have a vright fuure.
One day, King Cheng of the State of Chu gave a banquet in honoudr of Chong Er. Suddenly, amid the harmonious atmosphere of drinking and talking, King Cheng of the State of Chu asked Chong Er. "How will you repay me when you return to the State of Jin and become its ruler one day?" After thinking for a moment, Chong Er said, "You have plenty of beauties and attendants as well as jewelry and silk cloth, and the state of Chu abounds in rare brides and animals. What treasure can the State of Jin boast having to present to your majesty?" King Cheng of the State of Chu said, "You are too modest. Nevertheless, you still have to show your gratitude to me in one way or another, I presume?" Smiling, Chong Er answered, "If I should be fortunate enouge to return to the State of Jin and become its ruler, the State of Jin would be friendly to the State of Chu. If, one day, there should be a war between the two states, I would definitely order my troops to retreat three SHE (one SHE is equivalent to thirty LI. The LI is a Chinese unit of length equivalent to 1/2 kilometre. And, therefore, three SHE is about thirty miles.) as a condition for peace. If, under that condition, you were still not reconciled, I would have to fight with you."
Four years later, as might be expected, Chong Er returned to the State of Jin and became its ruler. He was none other than Duke Wen of the State of Jin famous in ancient Chinese history. Ruled by him, the State of Jin became increasingly powerful.
In the year 533 B.C., the Chu troops and the Jin troops confronted each other in a battle. Faithful to his promise, Duke Wen of the State of Jin ordered his troops to retreat about thirty miles. After retreating, the Jin troops were stationed at Chengpu. Seeing that the Jin troops were retreating, the Chu troops thought that the enemy troops were afraid, and began chasing them. Taking advantage of the Chu troops' arrogance and their talking the Jin troops lightly, the Jin troops concentrated their forces and inflicted a crushing defeat on the Chu troops, thus winning the victory of the battle of Chengpu.
This set phrase, "retreating about thirty miles as a condition for peace," is derived from the Chapter "The Twenty-second Year of Duke Xi" in ZuoZhuan, the famous commentary by Zuo Qiuming on The spring and Autumn Annals. The idea of this set phrase is to give way to somebody in order to avoid a conflict.
中国快餐的历史或故事(英文),做英文演讲用,大概两分钟,句子简单,不要太长 十分感谢
China is a very big country with five thousand years history , 中国是一个有五千年历史的大国 It stands in Asia and lies on the west coast of the ocean. 地处亚洲,位于大洋西岸 China covers 9,600,000square kilometers. 面积达960万平方公里 People of about 1.3billion live and work together on the land.13亿人在这块土地上一起生活和工作 56 nations make up the whole population of China. 全国有56个民族 China is becoming stronger and stronger.中国正变得越来越强大 Especially in these years , 尤其是这些年 虽然汉语还不能成为一个真正的国际语言, we can say ,但我们可以说 world can not be without China. 世界不能缺少中国
Everybody knows that China is a very big country in the world .It has a long history .there are many interesting places here.such as the Great wall .the Summer palace and so on.so every year lots of people will come here to visit .and it held olinpic in 2008. and it will become more and more beautiful. 每个人都知道中国在世界上是一个非常大的国家.它有很长的历史.还有许多有趣的地方.比如长城,故宫等等 .所以每年都有很多人来这里参观.并且它在2008年举行了奥林匹克运动会.它将变得越来越美丽.
Chinese fast food is not something new; in fact, it entered the Indian market in organized form about 10 years back and soon it captured the taste buds of urban India. In the current scenario, Chinese fast food has carved a special place for itself and has reached millions of people. Fast food is not an original Chinese conception. Traditionally Chinese people value a certain kind of elegant and slow table manners, which symbolize health and politeness.
The development of Chinese fast food can be traced to 1980s-1990s, when Western fast-food giants entered the Chinese market in order to attract more Chinese consumers. As a result of this, Chinese-style fast food emerged and it soon gathered immense popularity. Apart from Noodles and Dim sums, some other popular Chinese dishes are Szechuan and Manchurian style dishes. In India, Yo China is one of the popular Chinese fast food chains. There are also a number of good Chinese restaurants in all the major Indian cities.
Chinese fast food ensures that the food is cooked below 100 degrees so that the nutrition elements are not lost, making Chinese fast food high in nutritional value when compared to other western fast foods. As people are becoming more and more calorie conscious, they tend to prefer Chinese fast food than any other kind of western fast foods, as they are low in terms of calories. Chinese fast foods are working towards ruling out oily fatty food options from its menu list and are making an effort towards building a healthy fast food base. Mostly in Chinese cuisine, food is prepared in bite-sized pieces, ready for direct picking up and eating. Traditionally, Chinese culture use chopsticks at the table. The best part about Chinese fast foods is that they give emphasis on the usage of grains, beans, and vegetables. Their cooking style usually consists of boiling in water, instead of opting for deep-frying cooking technique.
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